Sciatica is a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It is a type of pain that originates in the lower back and radiates down the leg. The pain can be debilitating and can cause a significant decrease in a person's quality of life. Fortunately, there are several effective treatments for sciatica, and physical therapy is one of the best.
At Emery Physical Therapy, we stay up-to-date with the latest evidence-based research on the treatment of sciatica to ensure that our patients receive the best possible care. In this article, we will review some of the latest research on the treatment of sciatica, with references to the studies that support these treatment methods.
Causes and Symptoms of Sciatica
Sciatica is caused by compression of the sciatic nerve, which is the largest nerve in the body. The sciatic nerve runs from the lower back down the legs, and it is responsible for providing sensation to the legs and feet. Sciatica can be caused by a variety of factors, including a herniated disc, spinal stenosis, or a muscle strain.
The symptoms of sciatica can vary depending on the underlying cause of the condition. The most common symptom of sciatica is pain that radiates from the lower back down the leg. The pain can be severe, and it can be accompanied by numbness, tingling, or weakness in the affected leg. The pain can be triggered by certain activities, such as sitting for long periods, bending, or lifting.
Physical Therapy for Sciatica
Physical therapy is an effective treatment for sciatica that can help reduce pain and improve function. Physical therapy involves a variety of treatments, including exercise therapy, manual therapy, acupuncture, the McKenzie Method, and spinal surgery. In this article, we will review some of the latest research on each of these treatment options.
- Exercise Therapy
Exercise therapy is one of the most effective treatments for sciatica, particularly when it is caused by a herniated disc. Exercise therapy is an essential component of physical therapy for sciatica, and it can help reduce pain, improve function, and prevent further injury.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 11 randomized controlled trials found that exercise therapy was effective in reducing pain and improving function in patients with sciatica caused by a herniated disc (1). The study showed that exercise therapy was more effective than no treatment, and it was just as effective as other treatments, such as manual therapy and surgery.
Exercise therapy typically involves a combination of strengthening, stretching, and aerobic exercises. Strengthening exercises can help improve the strength of the muscles in the back and legs, while stretching exercises can help improve flexibility and reduce stiffness. Aerobic exercises can help improve cardiovascular health and overall fitness.
It is important to note that exercise therapy should be tailored to the individual needs of each patient. A physical therapist can help develop an exercise program that is appropriate for each patient's specific needs and abilities.
- Manual Therapy
Manual therapy, such as massage, spinal manipulation, and joint mobilization, can be an effective treatment for sciatica. Manual therapy can help reduce pain, improve function, and promote healing.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 8 randomized controlled trials found that manual therapy was effective in reducing pain and improving function in patients with sciatica caused by a disc herniation or spinal stenosis (3). The study showed that manual therapy was more effective than no treatment, and it was just as effective as other treatments, such as exercise therapy and surgery.
Manual therapy typically involves a combination of massage, spinal manipulation, and joint mobilization. Massage can help improve circulation and promote healing, while spinal manipulation and joint mobilization can help improve mobility and reduce pain.
It is important to note that manual therapy should be performed by a trained and licensed professional.
- Acupuncture
Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medicine technique that involves the insertion of thin needles into the skin at specific points on the body. Acupuncture can be an effective treatment for sciatica, as it can help reduce pain and improve function.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 12 randomized controlled trials found that acupuncture was effective in reducing pain and improving function in patients with sciatica (4). The study showed that acupuncture was more effective than no treatment, and it was just as effective as other treatments, such as medication and surgery.
Acupuncture works by stimulating the body's natural healing mechanisms. The insertion of the needles at specific points on the body can help promote the flow of energy and blood, reduce inflammation, and promote healing.
It is important to note that acupuncture should be performed by a trained and licensed professional.
- The McKenzie Method
The McKenzie Method is a system of diagnosis and treatment for musculoskeletal conditions, including sciatica. The McKenzie Method involves a series of exercises and movements that can help reduce pain and improve function.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 10 randomized controlled trials found that the McKenzie Method was effective in reducing pain and improving function in patients with sciatica caused by a disc herniation or spinal stenosis (5). The study showed that the McKenzie Method was more effective than no treatment, and it was just as effective as other treatments, such as medication and surgery.
The McKenzie Method typically involves a series of exercises and movements that are designed to centralize the pain. Centralizing the pain means that the pain is moved from the leg back to the lower back. This can help reduce pain and improve function.
It is important to note that the McKenzie Method should be performed by a trained and licensed professional.
- Surgery
Surgery is typically considered a last resort for the treatment of sciatica. Surgery may be necessary if the underlying cause of the sciatica, such as a herniated disc or spinal stenosis, cannot be treated with other methods.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 4 randomized controlled trials found that surgery was effective in reducing pain and improving function in patients with sciatica caused by a disc herniation or spinal stenosis (6). The study showed that surgery was more effective than no treatment, and it was just as effective as other treatments, such as exercise therapy and manual therapy.
It is important to note that surgery is not always necessary for the treatment of sciatica. In many cases, non-surgical treatments, such as exercise therapy and manual therapy, can be effective in reducing pain and improving function.
Conclusion
In conclusion, sciatica is a common condition that can be debilitating and can significantly decrease a person's quality of life. Fortunately, there are several effective treatments for sciatica, including exercise therapy, manual therapy, acupuncture, the McKenzie Method, and surgery.
At Emery Physical Therapy, we use the latest evidence-based research to develop individualized treatment plans for our patients with sciatica. We work closely with our patients to develop a comprehensive treatment plan that addresses the underlying cause of the condition and helps reduce pain and improve function.
If you are experiencing pain or other symptoms of sciatica, contact us today to schedule an appointment. Our team of experienced physical therapists is here to help you get back to doing the activities you love. Learn more at Emery Physical Therapy in Mt. Prospect, IL and Emery Physical Therapy in Oakbrook Terrace, IL.